Resolved with the election of ... Pope Martin V in 1417 ... at the Council of Constance

How did the above happen ?     Let's see ...

1.  Year: 1378 > Urban VI is elected to Pope in Rome.   The following citation was generated ...

        "We have given our votes for Bartolomeo, the Archbishop of Bari (Urban VI), who is
        conspicuous for his great merits and whose manifold virtues make him a shining
        example; we have in full agreement elevated him to the summit of apostolic
        excellence and have announced our choice to the multitude of Christians.
 
2.  Pope Urban VI ... did not want to continue running the Papal Office in Avignon France (as it had been since 1303) ... but wanted to stay on in Rome. He also wanted to reform the Papal Court ... less luxury, more austerity.
 
3.  A number of French Cardinals (who comprised the majority of the College of Cardinals) proceeded to go to France one-by-one for so-called vacations ... and then got together and decided to withdraw their recognition from Urban. They used as an excuse ... the unruly mob in Rome during the conclave to elect the new Pope in 1378.
 
4.  The news of the withdrawal of support for Urban VI as Pope ... began to circulate. About these actions, the canonist Baldus wrote

         "There were no grounds on which the cardinals could repudiate a pope once they had elected him,
         and none on which the Church as a whole could depose him, except persistent and open heresy."

         Note: The above quote is partly correct ... but (1) Persistent and open heresy is not required
         to fall automatically excommunicated, privately held heresy excommunicates you ...
         and (2) The Church does not need to "depose" a heretic, he is self-deposed by the heresy itself.
 
5.  Date: 20 September 1378 > The renegade Cardinals proceeded to "elect Clement VII" as "Pope" ... who set up his rival "Papacy in Avignon, France. This was the start of ... the Great Western Schism.
 
6.  The Empire and England, the northern and eastern nations, and most of the Italian republics, continued to adhere to Urban VI. France, Spain, Scotland, and Flanders (the northern half of Belgium).
 
7.  Year: 1389 > Pope Boniface IX (1389 to 1404) is elected true Pope ... after Urban VI dies. After Boniface IX’s election, he was promptly "excommunicated by anti-Pope "Clement VII". The true Pope, Boniface IX, issued a decree excommunicated "Clement VII".
 
8.  Year: 1394 > Anti-Pope "Clement VII" dies ... those Cardinals who were with him all agreed to abdicate (renounce this line of "Popes") if a majority of them agreed. They proceed to elect anti-Pope "Benedict XIII" ... the second of the Avignon "line" ... who was then supposed to abdicate (leave being this fake "Pope").
 
9.  Anti-Pope "Benedict XIII" ... goes back on his promise to abdicate, even though the majority of his cardinals wanted him to, making the situation worse.
 
10.  Year: 1404 > Pope Innocent VII is elected true Pope ... after Pope Boniface IX dies.
 
11.  Year: 1406 > Pope Innocent VII dies. Before a new Pope was elected, the Cardinals that were with the Pope agreed ... to abdicate (resign) the Papacy if anti-Pope "Boniface" would "abdicate" (his fake "papacy") as a way to prompt an end to the schism. This offer shows that an end to the schism was at the forefront with the Cardinals.
 
12.  Date: 30 November 1406 > Pope Gregory XII is elected true Pope ... after Innocent VII dies.
 
13.  Date: 29 June 1409 > A large group of Cardinals from the true line and the Avignon "line" ... fed up with the schism not being resolved ... meet at a "council" in Pisa and "elect" anti-Pope Alexander V. Now there was the true Pope and two anti-Popes.
 
14.  Date: 17 May 1410 > "Pisa line" anti-Pope Alexander V dies ... replaced by anti-Pope "John XXIII". "John XXIII" was able to actually "reign in Rome", making matters worse.
 
15.  Year: 1414 > Anti-pope "John XXIII" calls for a "council" in Constance at this insistence of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. This could not be called a true council since it was called by an anti-Pope.
 
16.  Year: 1414 > At this point in the schism, the Emperor Sigismund was determined to resolve the issue ... by working for the abdication of all three claimants.
 
17.  Year: 1414 > When Antipope John XXIII realized that he would not be accepted as the true Pope at the "council" that he called, he fled from the "council". An order was sent out by the Emperor for his arrest; he was apprehended and thrown into prison. In prison, anti-Pope "John XXIII" surrendered his "papal seal" and the "fisherman’s ring". He accepted the verdict against him without protest.
 
18.  Date: 4 July 1415 > Gregory XII, the true Pope ... made a proposal: That if he could reconvene the false "council" of anti-Pope "John XIII" and thus make it a true Council, he would abdicate the Papal Office and thus make way for a valid election to continue the line of true Popes. The Cardinals agreed to this proposal of Pope Gregory.
 
19.  Date: 16 July 1417 > Anti-Pope "Benedict XIII" of the "Avignon line" is deposed ... by what was now a true worldwide General Catholic Council at Constance. There ceased being anti-Popes at this point.
 
20.  Date: 11 November 1417 > The General Council of Constance ... elects Pope Martin V as the true Pope to the Papacy.  This ends the Great Western Schism.

   >  See the continuing line of Popes on Section 35 of this site, the Papacy fell vacant in 1914 (proven on Section 20),
   >  Is vacant to this day (proven on Section 12 and sub-Sections), and will
   >  Remain vacant until the end of the world (proven on Sections 13.8 and 13.8.1).

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